Recently in Biology we have been working on a rather fun concept: DeoxyRibonucleic Acid otherwise known as DNA. So, I made a model of it on Google Docs (*cough* tech savvy 4 *cough*) in order to study for the DNA quiz last week. So here goes my explanation of DNA's structure, and what it all means...
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Double Helix (Fig. 1) |
At the base of DNA are little cornerstones known as nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of three pieces a phosphate (the white circle), a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose, the black pentagon) and a nitrogenous base (one of the colorful weird pieces in the middle). Nucleotides first join together by connecting together the front pieces sugar with the second pieces phosphate creating a single chain. The second place that nucleotides link together, to create a double chain (Kiel's brand new descriptive word of the day) is in the middle linking two nitrogenous bases together. The only condition with nitrogenous bases connecting together is that A (Adenine) bases can only link with T (Thymine) bases and C (Cytosine) bases must link with G (Guanine) bases. It is that pattern of bases (read three at a time) that are the genetic instructions used in the development functioning of all living organisms. The flat structure shown above, in real life, is twisted into a double helix (fig. 1) and get wrapped around a protein in the cell (but, thats way above the scope of this post). (fig. 2).
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DNA wrapped around a DNA-Binding Protein (Fig. 2) |
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