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Wednesday, March 16, 2011

DNA-My Model, and an gentle explanation

Recently in Biology we have been working on a rather fun concept: DeoxyRibonucleic Acid otherwise known as DNA. So, I made a model of it on Google Docs (*cough* tech savvy 4 *cough*) in order to study for the DNA quiz last week.  So here goes my explanation of DNA's structure, and what it all means...



Double Helix (Fig. 1)
At the base of DNA are little cornerstones known as nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of three pieces a phosphate (the white circle), a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose, the black pentagon) and a nitrogenous base (one of the colorful weird pieces in the middle). Nucleotides first join together by connecting together the front pieces sugar with the second pieces phosphate creating a single chain. The second place that nucleotides link together, to create a double chain (Kiel's brand new descriptive word of the day) is in the middle linking two nitrogenous bases together. The only condition with nitrogenous bases connecting together is that A (Adenine) bases can only link with T (Thymine) bases and C (Cytosine) bases must link with G (Guanine) bases. It is that pattern of bases (read three at a time) that are the genetic instructions used in the development functioning of all living organisms. The flat structure shown above, in real life, is twisted into a double helix (fig. 1) and get wrapped around a protein in the cell (but, thats way above the scope of this post). (fig. 2).
DNA wrapped around a DNA-Binding Protein (Fig. 2)



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